Propuesta de mejora de procesos aduaneros en la Aduana de Puerto Cortés mediante inteligencia de negocios: estudio aplicado en ARHSA
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2026-07-01
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Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana UNITEC
Resumen
La presente investigación tuvo como propósito analizar los factores que influyeron en los tiempos de despacho de mercancías en las aduanas de Honduras, tomando como referencia las operaciones relacionadas con la Aduana de Puerto Cortés. El objetivo consistió en identificar los factores operativos, legales y tecnológicos que afectaban la eficiencia del proceso aduanero y proponer estrategias orientadas a su optimización. Para ello, se desarrolló una investigación con enfoque cuantitativo y diseño no experimental de tipo transversal, utilizando encuestas aplicadas a colaboradores de Agencia Aduanera ARHSA y a actores externos vinculados al comercio exterior. Los resultados mostraron que los principales desafíos estaban relacionados con la coordinación interinstitucional, la gestión documental y la integración tecnológica; entre los hallazgos más relevantes, el 85% de los participantes identificó la saturación operativa y el 82% las fallas tecnológicas como factores críticos que incidían directamente en los tiempos de despacho. Se concluyó que la optimización de procesos apoyada en herramientas de Business Process Management (BPM) e Inteligencia de Negocios (BI) puede contribuir significativamente a mejorar la eficiencia operativa. Como principal recomendación, se propuso implementar un modelo de optimización que fortalezca el control de los procesos, la toma de decisiones y la mejora continua en la gestión aduanera.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the factors that influenced cargo clearance times in Honduran customs offices, using operations related to the Puerto Cortés Customs Office as a reference. The main objective was to identify the operational, legal, and technological factors affecting the efficiency of the customs clearance process and to propose strategies aimed at its optimization. To achieve this, a quantitative research approach with a non-experimental cross sectional design was employed, using surveys administered to employees of ARHSA Customs Agency and external stakeholders involved in foreign trade activities. The results showed that the main challenges were related to interinstitutional coordination, document management, and technological integration; among the most relevant findings, 85% of participants identified operational saturation and 82% identified technological failures as critical factors that directly affected clearance times. It was concluded that process optimization supported by Business Process Management (BPM) and Business Intelligence (BI) tools could significantly improve operational efficiency. As a primary recommendation, an optimization model was proposed to strengthen process control, support decision-making, and promote continuous improvement in customs management.
The purpose of this research was to analyze the factors that influenced cargo clearance times in Honduran customs offices, using operations related to the Puerto Cortés Customs Office as a reference. The main objective was to identify the operational, legal, and technological factors affecting the efficiency of the customs clearance process and to propose strategies aimed at its optimization. To achieve this, a quantitative research approach with a non-experimental cross sectional design was employed, using surveys administered to employees of ARHSA Customs Agency and external stakeholders involved in foreign trade activities. The results showed that the main challenges were related to interinstitutional coordination, document management, and technological integration; among the most relevant findings, 85% of participants identified operational saturation and 82% identified technological failures as critical factors that directly affected clearance times. It was concluded that process optimization supported by Business Process Management (BPM) and Business Intelligence (BI) tools could significantly improve operational efficiency. As a primary recommendation, an optimization model was proposed to strengthen process control, support decision-making, and promote continuous improvement in customs management.
Palabras clave
Business Process Management, Despacho Aduanero, Eficiencia Operativa, Inteligencia de Negocios, Optimización de Procesos