Evaluación computacional y experimental de las propiedades mecánicas de Órtesis Neuromusculares Impresas en 3D: una revisión de la literatura
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Date
2026-04-05
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Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana UNITEC
Abstract
Una órtesis es un aparato externo que se utiliza para apoyar y ayudar a partes específicas del cuerpo que requieren de ayuda complementaria. Este estudio se centró en órtesis neuromusculares, los cuales son dispositivos aplicados al cuerpo con el fin de cambiar las conductas funcionales y estructurales del sistema neuromusculoesquelético. El objetivo principal fue realizar una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura de las propiedades mecánicas de las órtesis neuromusculares impresas en 3D, utilizando metodologías experimentales y computacionales. Se seleccionaron 14 artículos, los cuales describen los métodos y materiales utilizados para la fabricación de dichos aparatos. La búsqueda se realizó en IEEE Xplore y PubMed, considerando solamente los publicados en el período 2014-2024, teniendo una integración de enfoques tanto cuantitativos como cualitativos. Según los resultados, el 43% de los artículos eran de órtesis muñeca-mano, el 36% de órtesis de columna vertebral y el 21% de órtesis tobillo-pie. Como resultado, se describe brevemente cada artículo, así como gráficos de los aspectos clave a considerar en los mismos, como el material de impresión, método de impresión, diseño geométrico, si se utilizó la evaluación computacional, o sea FEA o software, y la validación de la eficiencia de las órtesis. En la discusión se describen brevemente los posibles pros y contras de los aspectos considerados para la revisión de los artículos. El FEA y el impacto biomecánico no están presentes en todos los artículos, sino solamente donde destaca su mención. Se concluyó definiendo los aspectos que más destacaron según su usabilidad en los artículos.
An orthosis is an external device that is used to support and assist specific parts of the body that require additional help. This study focused on neuromuscular orthoses, which are devices applied to the body in order to change the functional and structural behaviors of the neuromusculoskeletal system. The main objective was to carry out a comprehensive literature review of the mechanical properties of 3D printed neuromuscular orthoses, using experimental and computational methodologies. Fourteen articles were selected, which describe the methods and materials used for the manufacture of said devices. The search was carried out in IEEE Xplore and PubMed, considering only those published between 2014 and 2024, having an integration of approaches, both quantitative and qualitative. According to the results, 43% of the articles were wrist-hand orthoses, 36% were spine orthoses, and 21% were ankle-foot orthoses. As a result, each article is briefly described, as well as graphics of the key aspects to be considered in them, such as the printing material, printing method, geometric design, whether the computational evaluation, bone FEA or software was used, and validation of the efficiency of the orthoses. The discussion briefly describes the possible pros and cons of the aspects considered for the review of the articles. The FEA and biomechanical impact are not for all articles, only where their mention stands out. It was concluded by defining the aspects that stood out the most according to their usability in the articles.
An orthosis is an external device that is used to support and assist specific parts of the body that require additional help. This study focused on neuromuscular orthoses, which are devices applied to the body in order to change the functional and structural behaviors of the neuromusculoskeletal system. The main objective was to carry out a comprehensive literature review of the mechanical properties of 3D printed neuromuscular orthoses, using experimental and computational methodologies. Fourteen articles were selected, which describe the methods and materials used for the manufacture of said devices. The search was carried out in IEEE Xplore and PubMed, considering only those published between 2014 and 2024, having an integration of approaches, both quantitative and qualitative. According to the results, 43% of the articles were wrist-hand orthoses, 36% were spine orthoses, and 21% were ankle-foot orthoses. As a result, each article is briefly described, as well as graphics of the key aspects to be considered in them, such as the printing material, printing method, geometric design, whether the computational evaluation, bone FEA or software was used, and validation of the efficiency of the orthoses. The discussion briefly describes the possible pros and cons of the aspects considered for the review of the articles. The FEA and biomechanical impact are not for all articles, only where their mention stands out. It was concluded by defining the aspects that stood out the most according to their usability in the articles.
Keywords
Análisis de elementos finitos (FEA), Impresión 3D, Órtesis neuromusculares, Propiedades mecánicas