Estudio de la resistencia mecánica en unión de PLA y polímeros sintéticos para prótesis de apariencia orgánica
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Date
2026-04-03
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana UNITEC
Abstract
En las últimas décadas, se ha observado un notable avance en la aplicación de la tecnología de impresión 3D en los campos de la medicina y la ingeniería. Este progreso ha sido especialmente relevante en la producción de prótesis ortopédicas, mejorando significativamente la calidad de vida de aquellos pacientes que enfrentan discapacidades y baja autoestima. En este contexto, el material PLA ha ganado prominencia debido a sus propiedades mecánicas robustas y resistencia a materiales blandos. Para lograr mejorar la estética de las prótesis realizadas con materiales como el PLA es necesario realizar experimentaciones con compuesto sintético para poder conseguir una adherencia entre ambos materiales. Se ha utilizado tres distintos compuestos sintéticos (TPE, TPU y Silicona) en conjunto con el PLA para lograr conseguir la unión entre materiales. Se empleó la metodología en forma de "V" y se aplicó un enfoque jerárquico, basado en el modelo propuesto por Hehenberger, para el desarrollo de este prototipo. Se tuvo como objetivo conocer que compuesto sintético logra tener similitudes a la piel y también logre adherirse al PLA, donde se utilizaron distintos materiales que se pudieran unir por medio de fusión en la impresión 3D o se pueda unir por medio de adhesivos tales como epoxi. Se llevó a cabo una evaluación de la resistencia bajo estrés de las uniones entre estos compuestos sintéticos y el PLA en diversas condiciones. Destacó entre los materiales utilizados que el TPU tiene una notable flexibilidad y elasticidad, similar a las propiedades de la piel humana, convirtiéndose en una elección destacada para replicar el estiramiento y movimiento de la piel. Asimismo, se validó por medio de protocolo de elaboración y costos asociados a la obtención de los materiales.
In recent decades, there has been a notable advancement in the application of 3D printing technology in the fields of medicine and engineering. This progress has been particularly relevant in the production of orthopedic prosthetics, significantly improving the quality of life for patients facing disabilities and low self-esteem. In this context, the material PLA (Polylactic Acid) has gained prominence due to its robust mechanical properties and resistance to soft materials. To enhance the aesthetics of prosthetics made with materials such as PLA, it is necessary to conduct experiments with synthetic compounds to achieve adhesion between these materials. Three different synthetic compounds (TPE, TPU, and Silicone) were used in conjunction with PLA to achieve material bonding. The "V" methodology was employed, and a hierarchical approach, based on the model proposed by Hehenberger, was applied in the development of this prototype. The objective was to determine which synthetic compound exhibits skin-like characteristics and can effectively adhere to PLA. Various materials that could be joined through fusion in 3D printing or adhesive methods such as epoxy were utilized. An evaluation of stress resistance at the junctions between these synthetic compounds and PLA was conducted under various conditions. Among the materials used, TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane) exhibited remarkable flexibility and elasticity, like the properties of human skin, making it a standout choice for replicating skin stretch and movement. Additionally, validation was carried out through a protocol for production and associated material costs.
In recent decades, there has been a notable advancement in the application of 3D printing technology in the fields of medicine and engineering. This progress has been particularly relevant in the production of orthopedic prosthetics, significantly improving the quality of life for patients facing disabilities and low self-esteem. In this context, the material PLA (Polylactic Acid) has gained prominence due to its robust mechanical properties and resistance to soft materials. To enhance the aesthetics of prosthetics made with materials such as PLA, it is necessary to conduct experiments with synthetic compounds to achieve adhesion between these materials. Three different synthetic compounds (TPE, TPU, and Silicone) were used in conjunction with PLA to achieve material bonding. The "V" methodology was employed, and a hierarchical approach, based on the model proposed by Hehenberger, was applied in the development of this prototype. The objective was to determine which synthetic compound exhibits skin-like characteristics and can effectively adhere to PLA. Various materials that could be joined through fusion in 3D printing or adhesive methods such as epoxy were utilized. An evaluation of stress resistance at the junctions between these synthetic compounds and PLA was conducted under various conditions. Among the materials used, TPU (Thermoplastic Polyurethane) exhibited remarkable flexibility and elasticity, like the properties of human skin, making it a standout choice for replicating skin stretch and movement. Additionally, validation was carried out through a protocol for production and associated material costs.
Keywords
Compuestos sintéticos, Impresión 3D, Orgánica, Resistencia de materiales