Desarrollo de un prototipo de fantoma torácico con impresión 3D para tomografía computarizada
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Date
2026-04-05
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana UNITEC
Abstract
Para el control de calidad de imagen en estudios de tomografía se utiliza una herramienta llamada fantoma, la cual contiene en su interior características similares a los tejidos humanos. El alto costo de esta herramienta representa, en muchos casos, un obstáculo para su adquisición.
El presente estudio tuvo como objetivo desarrollar un fantoma torácico que imitara las propiedades radiológicas de los tejidos humanos para el control de calidad en tomografía.
Se seleccionó un estudio de la base de datos del Instituto Nacional del Cáncer de Estados Unidos, correspondiente a un paciente con cáncer de pulmón de células no pequeñas. A partir de este estudio se segmentaron las estructuras pulmonares, los huesos de la caja torácica, los nódulos pulmonares y el corazón.
Las estructuras se imprimieron en 3D mediante el método FDM, empleando PLA+ como material. Los porcentajes de infill y materiales de relleno se determinaron experimentalmente mediante la evaluación de las unidades Hounsfield con el software 3D Slicer.
El prototipo final se comparó con el estudio del paciente y con el de un fantoma comercial. Se midieron las UH de cada estructura en las tres vistas anatómicas de cada estudio.
Los datos fueron sometidos a análisis estadístico, tanto descriptivo como inferencial, para validar el funcionamiento del prototipo. Las pruebas estadísticas indicaron que no existían diferencias significativas entre los tres estudios evaluados, validando la capacidad de las estructuras desarrolladas.
For image quality control in computed tomography studies, a tool known as a phantom is used, which contains internal structures with characteristics similar to human tissues. The high cost of this tool often represents a barrier to its acquisition. The aim of this study was to develop a thoracic phantom that mimics the radiological properties of human tissues for quality control in tomography. A study was selected from the database of the U.S. National Cancer Institute, corresponding to a patient diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer. From this study, the pulmonary structures, rib cage bones, pulmonary nodules, and heart were segmented. These structures were 3D printed using the FDM method, employing PLA+ as the material. The infill percentages and filler materials were determined experimentally through the evaluation of Hounsfield Units (HU) using the 3D Slicer software. The final prototype was compared to both the patient’s study and a commercial phantom study. The HU values of each structure were measured in the three anatomical views of each study. The data were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis to validate the performance of the prototype. The statistical tests indicated that there were no significant differences among the three studies evaluated, validating the ability of the developed structures to simulate human tissues.
For image quality control in computed tomography studies, a tool known as a phantom is used, which contains internal structures with characteristics similar to human tissues. The high cost of this tool often represents a barrier to its acquisition. The aim of this study was to develop a thoracic phantom that mimics the radiological properties of human tissues for quality control in tomography. A study was selected from the database of the U.S. National Cancer Institute, corresponding to a patient diagnosed with non-small cell lung cancer. From this study, the pulmonary structures, rib cage bones, pulmonary nodules, and heart were segmented. These structures were 3D printed using the FDM method, employing PLA+ as the material. The infill percentages and filler materials were determined experimentally through the evaluation of Hounsfield Units (HU) using the 3D Slicer software. The final prototype was compared to both the patient’s study and a commercial phantom study. The HU values of each structure were measured in the three anatomical views of each study. The data were subjected to both descriptive and inferential statistical analysis to validate the performance of the prototype. The statistical tests indicated that there were no significant differences among the three studies evaluated, validating the ability of the developed structures to simulate human tissues.
Keywords
Control de Calidad, Fantoma Torácico, Impresión 3D, Tomografía, Unidades Hounsfield