Innovación para construcción sostenible: estudio piloto de concreto modificado con plástico reciclado
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Fecha
2026-09-08
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Universidad Tecnológica Centroamericana UNITEC
Resumen
El concreto es un producto esencial para la industria de la construcción. El proceso de fabricación
consiste en la mezcla de cemento, arena, grava y agua. El objetivo del estudio fue evaluar la resistencia del concreto modificando
su mezcla y sustituyendo la grava con el plástico reciclado. Métodos. El estudio fue descriptivo. Las probetas de concreto fueron
elaboradas y comparadas mediante la resistencia a la compresión. Se realizaron tres muestras, siendo el cilindro de referencia el
conformado por una mezcla de concreto convencional, es decir, cemento, arena y grava. Las dos probetas restantes se elaboraron
sustituyendo la grava por plástico reciclado, las cuales su resistencia a la compresión fue comparada con la mezcla sin
modificación. Resultados. La resistencia a la compresión del concreto y el peso volumétrico de la mezcla disminuyeron a medida
que se incrementó el porcentaje de polietileno de alta densidad (HDPE, por sus siglas en inglés), el cual sustituyó la grava.
Conclusión. Los resultados sugieren que la sustitución de grava por plástico en las tres muestras reduce las propiedades del
concreto en términos de resistencia y peso. Se necesitan más investigaciones para comprender completamente los efectos de la
adición de HDPE al concreto y encontrar formas de mitigar cualquier impacto negativo en sus propiedades.
Concrete is an essential product for the construction industry. The manufacturing process consists of mixing cement, sand, gravel and water. The study aim was to evaluate the concrete resistance by modifying its mixture and replacing the gravel with recycled plastic. Methods. The study was descriptive. The concrete specimens were prepared and compared using compressive strength. Three samples were made, the reference cylinder being the one made up of a conventional concrete mixture, i.e., cement, sand and gravel. The remaining two specimens were made by replacing the gravel with recycled plastic, whose compressive strength was compared with the mixture without modification. Results. The concrete compressive strength and the mixture volumetric weight decreased as there was an increase in the percentage of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which replaced the gravel. Conclusion. The results suggest that replacing gravel with plastic in the three samples reduces the properties of the concrete in terms of strength and weight. More research is needed to fully understand the effects of adding HDPE to concrete and find ways to mitigate any negative impacts on its properties.
Concrete is an essential product for the construction industry. The manufacturing process consists of mixing cement, sand, gravel and water. The study aim was to evaluate the concrete resistance by modifying its mixture and replacing the gravel with recycled plastic. Methods. The study was descriptive. The concrete specimens were prepared and compared using compressive strength. Three samples were made, the reference cylinder being the one made up of a conventional concrete mixture, i.e., cement, sand and gravel. The remaining two specimens were made by replacing the gravel with recycled plastic, whose compressive strength was compared with the mixture without modification. Results. The concrete compressive strength and the mixture volumetric weight decreased as there was an increase in the percentage of high-density polyethylene (HDPE), which replaced the gravel. Conclusion. The results suggest that replacing gravel with plastic in the three samples reduces the properties of the concrete in terms of strength and weight. More research is needed to fully understand the effects of adding HDPE to concrete and find ways to mitigate any negative impacts on its properties.
Palabras clave
Hormigón, Plásticos, Materiales de construcción, Reciclaje de basuras